El contexto de crisis y restricciones presupuestarias sirve de pretexto para promover en la Comunidad de Madrid la implantación de un modelo dual de gestión de los centros y servicios sanitarios, ampliamente contestado en la calle por profesionales sanitarios, asociaciones, pacientes y usuarios. Este proceso se inicia sin evidencia científico-técnica que avale las presuntas ventajas del modelo de concesión y carece de una evaluación solvente de impacto sanitario, conforme a estándares de transparencia, rendición de cuentas y calidad democrática. Entre los (...) aspectos éticos y jurídicos involucrados en este debate analizo los relacionados con el conflicto de intereses y las evidencias recientes que desaconsejan adoptar en España modelos similares. Tras analizar el desafío que supone el nuevo marco institucional para el ejercicio de la responsabilidad profesional conforme a criterios de equidad y buenas prácticas, se concluye aportando elementos para generar un marco más equilibrado de reformas. (shrink)

Cognitive scientists distinguish between automatic and controlled mental processes. Automatic processes are either innately involuntary or become automatized through extensive practice. For example, reading words is a purportedly automatic process for proficient readers and the Stroop effect is consequently considered the “gold standard” of automated performance. Although the question of whether it is possible to regain control over an automatic process is mostly unasked, we provide compelling data showing that posthypnotic suggestion reduced and even removed Stroop interference in highly hypnotizable (...) individuals. Drawing on a large sample of highly hypnotizable participants, we examined the effects of suggestion on Stroop performance both with and without a posthypnotic suggestion to perceive the input stream as meaningless symbols. We show that suggestion administered to highly hypnotizable persons significantly reduced Stroop interference and derailed a seemingly automatic process. (shrink)

La alegría adquiere una relevancia crucial en el mensaje y la estructura del Profeta de la Consolación. En este artículo mostramos la importancia de las exhortaciones a la alegría en la estructura del Segundo Isaías. Seguidamente, recorreremos el texto isaiano desde la estructura establecida mostrando la dinámica de su mensaje, con particular atención al tema de la alegría. Finalmente, señalamos la conexión de este vocabulario de la alegría con otros textos del resto del libro de Isaías, apuntando su valor para (...) la estructura global del libro. (shrink)

We study the κ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\kappa $$\end{document}-Borel-reducibility of isomorphism relations of complete first order theories in a countable language and show the consistency of the following: For all such theories T and T′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T^{\prime }$$\end{document}, if T is classifiable and T′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T^{\prime }$$\end{document} is not, then the isomorphism of models of T′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} (...) \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T^{\prime }$$\end{document} is strictly above the isomorphism of models of T with respect to κ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\kappa $$\end{document}-Borel-reducibility. In fact, we can also ensure that a range of equivalence relations modulo various non-stationary ideals are strictly between those isomorphism relations. The isomorphism relations are considered on models of some fixed uncountable cardinality obeying certain restrictions. (shrink)

We study the Borel reducibility of isomorphism relations in the generalized Baire space. In the main result we show for inaccessible κ, that if T is a classifiable theory and is stable with the orthogonal chain property (OCP), then the isomorphism of models of T is Borel reducible to the isomorphism of models of.

The confinement that COVID-19 has brought about has had a negative influence on people’s psychological health. However, this impact is not widespread throughout the population, and men and women may be affected differently and it is not known what protective factors may exist. In this sense, physical activity has classically been shown to be a habit associated with psychological health. The study aimed to analyze the impact of confinement on psychological health, taking into account gender, and perceived changes in physical (...) activity. After the project was approved by the University’s Ethics Commission, the participants, after signing the informed consent, completed the online questionnaires during the days from 6 to 20 April, the time when, in Spain, confinement was in place and the highest peak of deaths and infections from COVID-19 occurred. A total of 457 Spanish participants were evaluated in psychological well-being, in its adaptation to Spanish, in coping, with the Spanish adaptation of the COPE Inventory, in daily habits and difficulties and the level of physical activity they had was recorded. Besides, the perceived change in physical activity due to confinement was recorded. The results showed that perceived emotions, difficulties for certain routines, psychological well-being, and coping differed according to sex. On the other hand, depending on the change in physical activity habits, it was observed that participants who increased their physical activity responded differently in the perception of emotions, and difficulties for routines and in psychological well-being. Finally, differences were also observed in most variables between sedentary, active, and federated participants. Results are discussed highlighting the importance of physical activity as a moderating factor of the impact of confinement. (shrink)

Las distintas tradiciones sobre la celebración de la Pascua en las primeras comunidades cristianas se fundamentan en las diferentes escuelas teológicas de la Iglesia Primitiva y se concretan principalmente en dos formas diferentes, aquí identificadas como Pascha = Passio y Pascha = Transitus zoith sus propias y diferentes implicaciones cristológicas características. A partir del estudio pormenorizado de fuentes hispánicas de los siglos IV al VI, patrísticas, conciliares y litúrgicas, el autor localiza un filón en la tradición de las iglesias de (...) la Península Ibérica que identifica la fiesta de la Pascua con la fiesta de la Pascua. Península Ibérica que identifica la fiesta de Pascua zuitli la pasión de Cristo, como hacía la escuela asiática, y le confiere, sobre todo en la lex orandi, una fuerte intensidad dramática. El artículo pone de relieve una cristología pascual con luz propia y al mismo tiempo revela una mens teológica, bien equilibrada y claramente definida. Las comunidades cristianas de Hispania se beneficiarán de una sana ósmosis entre lex credendi y lex orandi, que les permitirá enfrentarse al arrianismo y llevar a su plena madurez los frutos de la creencia cristiana. En la elaboración de estas tradiciones están profundamente arraigadas muchas de las ideas teológicas y litúrgicas que prevalecen en la Iglesia actual. (shrink)

¿Qué experiencia de Cristo tienen los jóvenes de los 90? ¿Somos capaces los creyentes de aceptar los retos que nos plantea la situación de los nuevos jóvenes? ¿Qué tenemos que hacer para acompañar a los jóvenes en su experiencia de Cristo hoy, para que esta experiencia sea significativa e impregne y transforme sus vidas? Atendiendo a los nuevos contextos, en los que la cultura del fragmento deja de lado las preguntas últimas y cierra la puerta a las respuestas totalizadoras a (...) la pregunta por el sentido de la realidad, acompañar a los jóvenes en la fe pasa necesariamente por situarlos ante la pregunta por la propia vida. Además, es necesario volver a plantear la propuesta razonable de Dios, tenazmente persistente en la felicidad del hombre, que se nos revela en Cristo como oferta salvadora. (shrink)

Estas reflexiones son sólo una "interpretación" que pretende aproximarse al renacimiento del interés por la religión en el clima cultural en que vivimos. Se trata de 'recuperar' la relación con lo sagrado en esta época caracterizada por el pensamiento post-metafísico, buscando nuevas vías de acceso para la experiencia religiosa. Secularización, fin de la metafísica, ontología débil, hermenéutica del presente... la circularidad del discurso busca, en una aproximación al pensamiento de G. Vattimo, crear las condiciones que, desde la filosofía, puedan just (...) ficar la existencia de la experiencia religiosa en nuestra cultura y el descubrimiento de la huella de ese que se dice que vuelve. (shrink)

La filosofía vuelve a interesarse por la religión. Este trabajo pretende establecer un diálogo desapasionado con el pensamiento de Gianni Vattimo en el marco de una aproximación crítica al concepto de "experiencia religiosa" que subyace a su convicción de la religión a la conciencia común y al pensamiento filosófico contemporáneo. Al mismo tiempo, nos gustaría esbozar de la relación entre filosofía y religión, y mostrar la plausibilidad de la mostrar la plausibilidad de esta última en el pensamiento postmodernista, profundizando en (...) las claves de la ontología del tiempo presente que son defendidas por este pensador italiano para este tiempo postsecularizado. (shrink)

We study the $\kappa $ -Borel-reducibility of isomorphism relations of complete first-order theories by using coloured trees. Under some cardinality assumptions, we show the following: For all theories T and T’, if T is classifiable and T’ is unsuperstable, then the isomorphism of models of T’ is strictly above the isomorphism of models of T with respect to $\kappa $ -Borel-reducibility.

Entre los textos escatológicos proféticos resalta la alusión de Isaías a la creación de “unos nuevos cielos y una nueva tierra” (65,17). Este artículo analiza exegéticamente Is 65,16b-25 desde la perspectiva literaria y teológica dentro del contexto del epílogo del libro de Isaías (cc. 65-66). Se constata que la nueva creación se presenta como la recuperación del estado de felicidad y bendición de los “orígenes”, que fue perdido a causa del pecado. El análisis subraya la relevancia del tema de la (...) alegría como clave del mensaje. (shrink)

La obra de Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986) siempre suele relacionarse con la de autores ajenos a la literatura española como De Quincey, Stevenson, Whitman, Chesterton, Coleridge o Poe. Su anglofilia es bien conocida por todos. También su relación con el idioma de Goethe o con la cultura árabe y Las mil y una noches. Sin embargo, asumiendo su propia sentencia «Mi destino es la lengua castellana, el bronce de Francisco de Quevedo», rastrearemos las huellas indelebles que dejó la literatura española (...) del Barroco y de los Siglos de Oro en la obra del escritor argentino, y cómo los símbolos del siglo XVII son recuperados desde la literatura reconstructivista de Borges para continuar con una tradición y al mismo tiempo transformar su significado. (shrink)

This paper shows a full description of Spanish inflectional morphology. We have chosen a paradigmatic approach instead of one based on phonological/spelling changes, i.e., the typical two-level model. Such morphological description has been written in the DATR formalism. The result is a network of nodes that makes use of the information inheritance mechanisms – orthogonal node inheritance and default path inheritance – that DATR allows. Some lexical coverage and corpus occurrence figures that support our approach are also given.

COVID-19 confinement has supposed a challenge to the whole wide world, especially in athletes that have frustrated their expectations about training programs and competitions. Specifically, competition cyclists during confinement had lot of difficulties to train due to the need to train outside their homes. However, the increase of online training sessions, or virtual training tools could help to overcome training difficulties due to confinement although there are not studies that analyse the effects of using these types of tools in cyclists. (...) This study aims to test how the use of online training tools in competition cyclists during confinement is related to training frequency and duration, and emotions. 329 cyclists filled an online questionnaire about feelings during confinement and the use of online training tools, before and during confinement. Results showed that the use of online training tools was associated with higher frequency and duration of trainings. Moreover, those who used these tools felt more positively about their future and preparation to compete, feeling more energy than those who did not used online tools. In addition, cyclists that started using these online tools (including virtual roller training) during confinement increased the frequency of training. In conclusion the use of online training tools for cycling could be appropriate to maintain training levels and energy and positive feelings about their future. (shrink)

¿Podemos llamar madre a Dios? Responder a esta pregunta es lo que tratamos de hacer en las siguientes líneas partiendo del estudio de la raíz hebrea "rhm", cuyo significado original es "útero". Comenzamos haciendo un rápido repaso del significado del término y de sus palabras derivadas en los textos bíblicos. Nos centramos en el uso del término por el profeta Isaías y -especialmente- por el profeta de la Consolación. Así, parece que concebir y entender a Dios como madre es algo (...) que forma parte de la revelación. (shrink)

El cuidado de personas dependientes ha sido algo propio y radical del ser humano desde sus orígenes y raramente se plantea un escenario donde la persona que ejerce los cuidados fuere sustituida por un ente cibernético dotado de funcionalidades e inteligencia artificial suficiente como para llevar a cabo dicha labor. Este punto de partida nos ofrece la oportunidad para profundizar en la esencia del sentido del cuidado y la relación que subyace entre la persona que cuida y la persona que (...) es cuidada. (shrink)

Corporate social responsibility is increasingly viewed as a strategic management tool for companies to draw in candidates. In this arena, international responsible rankings such as ‘The Great Place to Work’, ‘Family Responsible Employer Index ’ or ‘The Best Companies for Working Mothers’ put emphasis on the value of responsible behaviours, not only for surviving in the market, but also to ‘win the war for talent’. Using a sample of Spanish University students, this research aims to analyse the process of selecting (...) responsible organizations to work and whether there is a possible future conflict of interest by students between their own and organizational values. Surprisingly, the university students assessed two opposing situations with the highest values: of looking to change employer and of letting time pass in order to ignore the conflict. The implications of the students’ assessments and the related factors which affect their decision-making criteria are explored in this article. (shrink)

Working under large cardinal assumptions such as supercompactness, we study the Borel reducibility between equivalence relations modulo restrictions of the nonstationary ideal on some fixed cardinal κ. We show the consistency of Eλ-clubλ++,λ++, the relation of equivalence modulo the nonstationary ideal restricted to Sλλ++ in the space λ++, being continuously reducible to Eλ+-club2,λ++, the relation of equivalence modulo the nonstationary ideal restricted to Sλ+λ++ in the space 2λ++. Then we show that for κ ineffable Ereg2,κ, the relation of equivalence modulo (...) the nonstationary ideal restricted to regular cardinals in the space 2κ is Σ11-complete. We finish by showing that, for Π21-indescribable κ, the isomorphism relation between dense linear orders of cardinality κ is Σ11-complete. (shrink)

From March to September 2020, researchers working at a biomedical scientific campus in Spain faced two lockdowns and various mobility restrictions that affected their social and professional lifestyles. The working group “Women in Science,” which acts as an independent observatory of scientific gender inequalities on campus launched an online survey to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on scientific activity, domestic and caregiving tasks, and psychological status. The survey revealed differences in scientific performance by gender: while male researchers participated in (...) a larger number of scientific activities for career development, female researchers performed more invisible scientific tasks, including peer review or outreach activities. Mental impact was greater in researchers caring for children or dependents, and this was aggravated for women. Results spot a disproportionate impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on female scientific career development, and urges for equity measures to mitigate the consequences of an increase in the gender gap in biomedical sciences for current and future pandemics. (shrink)

If Unamuno had been able to choose how to be remembered, he would have wanted him to be a poet. This book wants to do justice to that happy possibility. But above all because Unamuno was a poet in the highest sense: he was while writing the same essay as a novel, or theater, letter or verse, and he was also a poet when he passionately lived all the facets of his intense existence. His intellectual work was poetic and his (...) personal relationships, as well as his political activity, also responded to that peculiar Unamunian aesthetic in which the vital horizon is inescapably confused with the tasks of thought." --Translated from back cover. (shrink)

Background: Pain has been associated with structural changes of the brain. However, evidence regarding white matter changes in response to acute pain protocols is still scarce. In the present study, we assess the existence of differences in brain white matter related to pain intensity reported by patients undergoing surgical removal of a mandibular impacted third molar using diffusion tensor imaging analysis.Methods: 30 participants reported their subjective pain using a visual analog scale at three postsurgical stages: under anesthesia, in pain, and (...) after the administration of an analgesic. The diffusion data were acquired prior to surgery.Results: DTI analysis yielded significant positive associations of fractional anisotropy in white matter areas related to pain processing with the differences in pain between the three postsurgery stages. Extent and location of these associations depended on the magnitude of the subjective pain differences. Tractography analysis indicated that some pain–tract associations are significant only when pain stage is involved in the contrast, while others are only when anesthesia is involved in the contrast.Conclusions: The association of white matter fractional anisotropy and connectivity, measured before the pain stages, with subjective pain depends on the magnitude of the differences in pain scores. (shrink)

Este artículo revisa la concepción de la Independencia de Antonio Caso, Alfonso Reyes, José Vasconcelos, Samuel Ramos, Juan Hernández Luna, Leopoldo Zea, Emilio Uranga y Luis Villoro. La pregunta por las “raíces ideológicas” de la Independencia guio en buena medida esta discusión intergeneracional. Miguel Hidalgo era considerado, de manera casi unánime, un héroe, ya fuese uno de la latinidad (para Caso o Reyes) o un héroe existencialista (para Villoro). El artículo adopta el presupuesto metodológico del historicismo: una idea no (...) es sino la forma de reacción de un ser humano concreto frente a sus circunstancias. (shrink)

Frente al modelo epistémico de la modernidad "ideas claras y distintas", "ordine geometrico", en el barroco español prevalece la expresión de los símbolos y la referencia a los valores, la nada, la vida, la temporalidad, os sueños y la sabiduría intuitiva y proyectiva: san Juan de la Cruz, Gracián, Quevedo, Calderón... También en el s. XX, el modo de entender "europeo" es diferente. Unamuno habla del "método de la pasión" y "sabiduría frente a la ciencia" ; Ortega de "la interpretación (...) española del mundo" y "la razón al servicio de la vida" ; el poeta A. Machado de "visiones cordiales u opiniones de sentido, en vez de definiciones conceptuales". Son diferentes modos de entender la modernidad . (shrink)

The text is part of the investigative concerns from the authors with regard to the dialogue between literature and science teaching. It starts from several theoretical approaches around the general didactics, university or superior didactics, science’s didactics and for last, literature’s didactics. This is largely due to our search which is focused in articulate the university didactics with science and literature’s didactics, meanwhile, we pretend to answer to the questions ¿How are the specific didactics of science and literature going to (...) contribute to the university didactics and how is the last one going to contribute to these specific didactics? ¿Is it the dialogue between science and literature possible? The paper has been made in middle education, in Educative Institution José Miguel de Restrepo y Puerta, from Copacabana and also in university education, in the academic unities of Dietetics and Nutrition School, Agricultural Sciences and Medicine, from the University of Antioquia. Finally, the partial results indicate: i) the necessity of general Didactics as a discipline focused on teaching and learning processes to ask itself for its internal problems and establish relations with specific didactics. (shrink)

In this paper, we analyze the legal situation regarding physician-assisted suicide in the world. Our hypothesis is that the prohibitive stance on physician-assisted suicide in most societies in the world today seems to be related to our moral attitudes toward suicide. This brings us to a discussion about life itself. We claim that the total lack of legal protection for physician-assisted suicide from international organizations and most countries in the world lies in a philosophical assumption that supports much of our (...) common beliefs about what life really is. This assumption states that life must be thought of as not belonging exclusively to the individual. We argue that this assumption is a misconception that can be heard in the debate on suicide. Consequently we endorse a different conception of life which tends to favor a pro-choice stance towards suicide and assisted death in general. This position takes the patient’s decision about when to die more seriously. We conclude that there is no reason why physician-assisted suicide does not deserve legal protection as an individual right to die under international law. (shrink)

El filósofo mexicano Emilio Uranga (1921-1988) es recordado por su Análisis del ser del mexicano (1952) y por su labor como periodista político y asesor de López Mateos, Díaz Ordaz, Echeverría y López Portillo. Es posible tender un puente entre los dos aspectos, gracias a su concepción ontologizante de la Revolución Mexicana, leitmotiv de su producción teórica.

The first form of the inside-outside dichotomy appears as a self-encapsulated system with an active border. These systems are based on two complementary but asymmetric processes: constructive and interactive. The former physically constitute the system as a recursive network of component production, defining an inside. The maintenance of the constructive processes implies that the internal organization also constrains certain flows of matter and energy across the border of the system, generating interactive processes. These interactive processes ensure the maintenance of the (...) constructive processes thus specifying a meaningful outside. Upon this basic form of identity formation, the evolutionary and historical domain is open for the emergence of a whole hierarchy and ecology of insides and outsides. These which mutually subsume and collaborate in the maintenance of the essential inside-outside dichotomy that defines the conditions of possibility of the subjects and the worlds they generate. (shrink)

Our goal in this paper is to articulate a precise concept of at least a certain kind of disease-mongering, showing how pharmaceutical marketing can commercially exploit certain diseases when their best definition is given through the success of a treatment in a clinical trial. We distinguish two types of disease-mongering according to the way they exploit the definition of the trial population for marketing purposes. We argue that behind these two forms of disease-mongering there are two well-known problems in the (...) statistical methodology of clinical trials (the reference class problem and the distinction between statistical and clinical significance). Overcoming them is far from simple. (shrink)